Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the scientific production in Social Education with older people. All articles of the Web of Science (Core Collection) during the period 2008-2018 were selected by filtering the search with the words "social" and "education" in the title and the word "older" in the topic. Following PRISMA indications, 35 articles were selected and analyzed based on their: institution’s publication distribution, journal type, main discipline, study type, publication’s orientation, statistical methods, sample type, sample’s age, context, sample’s educational level, and resources and tools usage. The articles assessed here included articles having a study sample of older people and another group and articles having intervention programs compared to other fields of action. The results showed that there were a wide range of scientific journals that accepted publishing on the topic of older people social education. The present study generated an action map for future research.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio es realizar un análisis bibliométrico sobre educación social con personas mayores. Se seleccionaron todos los artículos de la Web of Science (Core Collection) durante el periodo 2008-2018 que tuviesen las palabras “social” y “education” en el título y “older” en el tema. Siguiendo las indicaciones PRISMA, se seleccionaron 35 artículos, donde se analiza: la distribución de publicaciones de la institución, revistas principales, disciplina principal, tipo de estudio, orientación de la publicación, estadística empleada, tipo de muestra, edad de la muestra, contexto, nivel educativo de la muestra y empleo o no de recursos-instrumentos utilizados. Se valoran aquellos estudios que incluyen una muestra de personas mayores más otro colectivo y estudios con programas de intervención frente a otros campos de actuación. Los resultados muestran un amplio abanico de revistas científicas que admiten esta temática. Con este trabajo se genera un mapa de actuación frente a investigaciones futuras.

The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of Haemophilus influenzaetype b (Hib) nasopharyngeal (NP) colonisation among healthy children where Hib vaccination using a 3p+0 dosing schedule has been routinely administered for 10 years with sustained coverage (> 90%). NP swabs were collected from 2,558 children who had received the Hib vaccine, of whom 1,379 were 12-< 24 months (m) old and 1,179 were 48-< 60 m old. Hi strains were identified by molecular methods. Hi carriage prevalence was 45.1% (1,153/2,558) and the prevalence in the 12-< 24 m and 48-< 60 m age groups were 37.5% (517/1,379) and 53.9% (636/1,179), respectively. Hib was identified in 0.6% (16/2,558) of all children in the study, being 0.8% (11/1,379) and 0.4% (5/1,179) among the 12-< 24 m and 48-< 60 m age groups, respectively. The nonencapsulate Hi colonisation was 43% (n = 1,099) and was significantly more frequent at 48-< 60 m of age (51.6%, n = 608) compared with that at 12-< 24 m of age (35.6%, n = 491). The overall resistance rates to ampicillin and chloramphenicol were 16.5% and 3.7%, respectively; the co-resistance was detected in 2.6%. Our findings showed that the Hib carrier rate in healthy children under five years was very low after 10 years of the introduction of the Hib vaccine.

Background: The use of the Internet and social networks by patients seeking health-related information has grown in recent years. The application of these tools in the context of cardiovascular prevention in Argentina is unknown. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the use of the Internet and social networks in patients evaluated in the context of cardiovascular prevention, determine the characteristics of subjects using them, analyze the reliability and usefulness perceived by patients and describe the potential behavioral impact. Methods: Patients over 18 years of age, consecutively attending 10 cardiology centers focusing on cardiovascular prevention of the City of Buenos Aires and suburban areas, were surveyed. In 97% of cases the surveys were completed by the patients. Participants’ demographic and clinical data were collected, excluding subjects with inability to read and interpret a questionnaire. Results: A total of 1,135 patients (age 49±17 years) were included in the study. Among them 68%, 65% and 52% used Internet, email or social networks, respectively, and 58.2% sought health-related information. The most searched-for topics were food (48%), physical activity (35%), medication (32%), hypertension (26%) and obesity (25%). Information was considered reliable or very reliable in 54.6% of cases, and interest was perceived in using these tools to contact the physician or other patients. In 57.8% of cases, patients felt that the network could influence their behavior. Characteristics such as less than 50 years of age, attending private healthcare centers or higher education were independently associated with a greater possibility of seeking health information. Conclusions: In this population, the Internet was significantly used to explore about health information. Younger subjects, with higher education and those attending private healthcare centers were more likely to seek health-related information. The interest generated by these tools could be used for patient care.

Introducción: El uso de Internet y las redes sociales por parte de los pacientes en busca de información relacionada con la salud ha crecido en los últimos años. Desconocemos la utilización de estas herramientas en el contexto de la prevención cardiovascular en la Argentina. Objetivos: Analizar la utilización de Internet y las redes sociales en pacientes evaluados en el contexto de prevención cardiovascular, determinar las características de los sujetos que las utilizan, analizar la fiabilidad y utilidad percibida por los pacientes y describir el potencial impacto conductual. Material y métodos: Se encuestaron pacientes mayores de 18 años atendidos, en forma consecutiva, en 10 consultorios de cardiología con orientación en la prevención cardiovascular de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires y el Conurbano Bonaerense. De las encuestas entregadas, el 97% fueron completadas. Se recolectaron las características demográficas y clínicas de los participantes, excluyendo los sujetos con incapacidad para leer e interpretar un cuestionario. Resultados: Se incluyeron 1.135 pacientes (edad 49 ± 17 años). El 68%, 65% y 52% utilizaban Internet, correo electrónico o las redes sociales, respectivamente. El 58,2% buscó información relacionada con la salud. Los temas sobre prevención cardiovascular buscados con más frecuencia fueron alimentación (48%), actividad física (35%), medicación (32%), hipertensión (26%) y obesidad (25%). El 54,6% consideró que la información era confiable o muy confiable. Se observó interés en utilizar dichas herramientas para contactarse con el médico u otros pacientes. El 57,8% consideró que la red podría influir en su conducta. Tener menos de 50 años, atenderse en centros privados o tener más educación se asoció independientemente con una probabilidad mayor de buscar información sobre la salud. Conclusiones: En esta población, el uso de Internet en busca de información relacionada con la salud fue considerable. Los sujetos más jóvenes, más educados o atendidos en centros privados mostraron mayor probabilidad de buscar contenidos sobre la salud. El interés generado por estas herramientas permitiría utilizarlas en la atención de nuestros pacientes.

A WAIS-S short form for the assessment of intelligence as a confounding variable is proposed. A number of 161 complete WAIS-S protocols, relating to women of lower-middle and low socioeconomic status were analysed. Six subtests (Social Comprehension, Similarities, Vocabulary, Block Design, Picture Completion and Object Assembly) were chosen using two criteria: specific functions evaluated by each subtest and correlation coefficients relating IQ to the subtests. Five WAIS-S short forms were evaluated: one consisting of six subtests and the others with different combinations of four of them. Data showed that they were all appropriate for the measurement of intelligence as a confounding variable; the correlation coefficients between short forms and total IQ ranged from 0.90 to 0.94. The standard errors of the short forms for the estimation of total IQ were of 3 or 4 points, and 3 to 7% of the subjects were wrongly classified. When maternal intelligence had to be measured in relation to infant development the short form that included Social Comprehension, Similarities, Block Design and Picture Completion seemed the most appropriate. Nevertheless when choosing a WAIS-S short form not only economy of time but also the specific relevant functions assessed in each subtest must be considered.

Se propone una versión abreviada de la forma WAIS para evaluar la inteligencia en grupos de población. Se analizaron 161 protocolos completos del WAIS aplicados a mujeres de nivel socioeconómico bajo y se estudió las correlaciones de las distintas subpruebas con el CI total y con los CI verbal y manual. Se seleccionaron seis subpruebas (Comprensión, Semejanzas, Vocabulario, Cubos, Completación y Ensamblaje) en base a dos criterios: las correlaciones observadas, y las funciones evaluadas en cada subprueba. El análisis de una forma corta con 6 subpruebas y cuatro formas cortas con 4 subpruebas demuestra que todas ellas son adecuadas para la evaluación de la inteligencia como variable de confusión. El error estándar para la estimación del CI total varía entre 3 y 4 puntos, y el error de clasificación corresponde a un 3-7%. Cuando se evalúa inteligencia materna como variable de confusión del desarollo infantil la forma corta que combina Comprensión, Semejanzas, Cubos y Completación parece la mas adecuada. La elección de la forma corta a usar dependerá del ahorro de tiempo en la aplicación y de las funciones evaluadas en cada subprueba en función del problema en estudio.

Propõe-se uma versão abreviada da forma WAIS para a avaliação da inteligência em estudos da população. Analisaram-se 161 protocolos completos do WAIS, aplicados a mulheres de nível socioeconômico baixo, e estudaram-se as correlações entre as diferentes subprovas e o coeficiente de inteligência (QI) total, o QI verbal e o QI manual. Selecionaram-se seis subprovas (compreensão, semelhanças, vocabulário, cubos, complemento e montagem) conforme os critérios: correlações observadas e funções avaliadas em cada subprova. A análise de uma versão com 6 subprovas e 4 versões com 4 subprovas demonstram que todas elas são adequadas para a avaliação da inteligência como variável de confusão. O erro padrão para a estimação do QI varia entre 3 e 4 pontos e o erro de classificação é de 3 a 7%. Quando se avalia a inteligência materna como variável de confusão do desenvolvimento infantil, a versão que combina compreensão, semelhanças, cubo e complemento pareceu a mais adequada. A eleição da versão a ser utilizada deverá basear-se na maior eficiência do tempo de aplicação e das funções avaliadas pelas subprovas, tendo em vista o problema em estudo.

Propõe-se uma versão abreviada da forma WAIS para a avaliação da inteligência em estudos da população. Analisaram-se 161 protocolos completos do WAIS, aplicados a mulheres de nível socioeconômico baixo, e estudaram-se as correlações entre as diferentes subprovas e o coeficiente de inteligência (QI) total, o QI verbal e o QI manual. Selecionaram-se seis subprovas (compreensão, semelhanças, vocabulário, cubos, complemento e montagem) conforme os critérios: correlações observadas e funções avaliadas em cada subprova. A análise de uma versão com 6 subprovas e 4 versões com 4 subprovas demonstram que todas elas são adequadas para a avaliação da inteligência como variável de confusão. O erro padrão para a estimação do QI varia entre 3 e 4 pontos e o erro de classificação é de 3 a 7%. Quando se avalia a inteligência materna como variável de confusão do desenvolvimento infantil, a versão que combina compreensão, semelhanças, cubo e complemento pareceu a mais adequada. A eleição da versão a ser utilizada deverá basear-se na maior eficiência do tempo de aplicação e das funções avaliadas pelas subprovas, tendo em vista o problema em estudo.

A WAIS-S short form for the assessment of intelligence as a confounding variable is proposed. A number of 161 complete WAIS-S protocols, relating to women of lower-middle and low socioeconomic status were analysed. Six subtests (Social Comprehension, Similarities, Vocabulary, Block Design, Picture Completion and Object Assembly) were chosen using two criteria: specific functions evaluated by each subtest and correlation coefficients relating IQ to the subtests. Five WAIS-S short forms were evaluated: one consisting of six subtests and the others with different combinations of four of them. Data showed that they were all appropriate for the measurement of intelligence as a confounding variable; the correlation coefficients between short forms and total IQ ranged from 0.90 to 0.94. The standard errors of the short forms for the estimation of total IQ were of 3 or 4 points, and 3 to 7% of the subjects were wrongly classified. When maternal intelligence had to be measured in relation to infant development the short form that included Social Comprehension, Similarities, Block Design and Picture Completion seemed the most appropriate. Nevertheless when choosing a WAIS-S short form not only economy of time but also the specific relevant functions assessed in each subtest must be considered.

Se propone una versión abreviada de la forma WAIS para evaluar la inteligencia en grupos de población. Se analizaron 161 protocolos completos del WAIS aplicados a mujeres de nivel socioeconómico bajo y se estudió las correlaciones de las distintas subpruebas con el CI total y con los CI verbal y manual. Se seleccionaron seis subpruebas (Comprensión, Semejanzas, Vocabulario, Cubos, Completación y Ensamblaje) en base a dos criterios: las correlaciones observadas, y las funciones evaluadas en cada subprueba. El análisis de una forma corta con 6 subpruebas y cuatro formas cortas con 4 subpruebas demuestra que todas ellas son adecuadas para la evaluación de la inteligencia como variable de confusión. El error estándar para la estimación del CI total varía entre 3 y 4 puntos, y el error de clasificación corresponde a un 3-7%. Cuando se evalúa inteligencia materna como variable de confusión del desarollo infantil la forma corta que combina Comprensión, Semejanzas, Cubos y Completación parece la mas adecuada. La elección de la forma corta a usar dependerá del ahorro de tiempo en la aplicación y de las funciones evaluadas en cada subprueba en función del problema en estudio.